Emma and Clueless- Text and Context

Ideas about the human condition can transcend time and expressed through different contexts while reflecting society’s changing values. Emma, written by Jane Austen reaffirms and challenges the conservative society of 19th century England, where moral growth is a result of strict social etiquettes and rigid class structure. However, Heckerling has taken similar ideas that speak powerfully about human nature to the different context of 20th century America, within the world of Clueless where a much fluid social structure is orientated around popularity and superficial materialism.While both texts are able to mirror the values and beliefs of its time, they convey similar ideas which are universal and relate to any context. The importance of personal growth is an element of humanity which transcends time, and can resonate through any context. Emma lacks life’s experiences, with â€Å"little to vex her† whilst doing â€Å"just what she liked†. Her flawed and s poiled character is overshadowed by her â€Å"mutual attachment† to her â€Å"mild† tempered governess further exemplified through the authorial intrusion that she â€Å"had rather too much her own way†.In contrast, Mr Knightley treats others with respect despite their social standing, acting as a moral voice in the novel when he says that Miss Bates deserves â€Å"compassion†, not â€Å"ridicule† when Emma insulted her as being â€Å"dull† at the Box Hill picnic. He scolds Emma that â€Å"it was badly done! † acting as compass to the realisation of her wrongs and â€Å"cruel† behaviour which â€Å"exposed herself to ill opinion†, indicating the strict social etiquettes of her time.Finally, â€Å"she acknowledged the whole truth† which metaphorically â€Å"darted through her, with the speed of an arrow† that she was in love, consequently leading to her realisation that she had been â€Å"inconsiderate†, â€Å"indelicate†, and â€Å"irrational† towards others, and how with â€Å"insufferable vanity she had believed herself in the secret of every body’s feelings†. This marks a major turning point in Emma’s moral growth, which is later rewarded through marriage.Heckerling’s Clueless explores similar ideas of growth while reflecting the different context of modern America, where self realisations are consequences of personal dissatisfaction within the superficial society. Cher’s initial voiceover that she has a â€Å"way normal life†, ironically contrasts the images of her picking out clothes on the computer. Her preference of cartoon over news suggests her naivety whilst shallow indulging within her narrow world of superior wealth and popularity.To Cher’s own amusement she concludes that â€Å"(Tai’s) life will be better because of me†, leading to the â€Å"makeover†. This mirrors the personality o f Emma, who also ignorantly takes matters into her own hands. However, while Emma simply failed to match make, Cher finds her own position and power being challenged when Tai becomes â€Å"the most popular girl in the school†, which Cher hyperbolically describes as â€Å"an alternate universe†. Cher questions in disbelief â€Å"I failed something I couldn’t talk my way out of? when her arrogance and confident character is challenged by reality, resulting in her self realisation, that all her friends were â€Å"really good in different ways†, signifying the overcoming of her self-centeredness, further highlighted in her willingness to help others. Her change in attitude is rewarded by a greater appreciation of life and the people around her, including Josh, whom she loves. Unlike Emma’s self transformation, Cher’s realisation due to trivial events translates to a much shallow world in the 20th century where there is a lack of strict social e tiquette.Austen reaffirms the rigid social classes which often defined one’s social standing, while satirising the pretensions of the gentility. Austen lists properties such as â€Å"handsome†, â€Å"rich† and â€Å"clever†, emphasizing Emma’s position as an aristocracy in contrast to Mr Martin is a â€Å"gross, vulgar farmer†, and therefore â€Å"remarkably plain† due to his lower social standing. Emma pretentiously refers to herself as a â€Å"fanciful, troublesome creature†, with the vain intent of receiving flattery from others, exposing Austen’s satirical purpose.Mr Elton’s disgusted tone as he declares he will â€Å"never think seriously of Miss Smith† because â€Å"everyone has their level†, In addition to his refusal to dance with Harriet highlights the rigidity within social classes. Qualities of Emma are constantly juxtaposed to Harriet, who is the natural daughter of somebody†, a eup hemistic portrayal of Harriet’s lack of status and worth due to her unknown family background. The reference of Mr Westin as having been â€Å"born† into a â€Å"respectable family† illustrates importance of inherited wealth.Despite Emma’s influence over Harriet to marry higher, she ultimately marries appropriately to Mr Martin. Therefore the lack of mobility and strict rules which govern the differences between each class is not challenged by Austen. Emma’s world reflects a clear class structure that is extremely rigid. While the idea of social class within Emma is defined as strict and rigid, the casual contemporary American society based on material wealth and popularity is reflected in Clueless.An opening montage together with the popular culture background music â€Å"kids in America† depicts the freedom and fast paced lifestyle of teenagers, whose interactions imply general acceptance of all types of people. The medium shot featuring C her’s â€Å"classic† vintage house undermines the superficial and materialistic foundation of the social structure. Furthermore the stereotypical division of social groups such as â€Å"Loadies†, â€Å"Popular boys† and â€Å"Persian mafia† based on popularity and material goods such as â€Å"BMW† again illustrates the value of materialistic goods.Unlike Emma where individuals of one social class were mostly encouraged to interact while disregarding other social classes, the social structure presented in contemporary society allows for fluidity and cultural diversity. While orphans such as Jane Fairfax and illegitimate children like Harriet were not highly regarded, Christian, a â€Å"cake boy† has no trouble blending into the microcosm of high school society and its social cliches.In addition to this, Tai, who climbs up the social ladder, highlights the highly fluid social structure. Therefore, Heckerling’s popular cultured fi lm and Emma both explore an idea of social class, yet boundaries between different social classes depend on values of the time and context. While ideas about the human condition are similar and relevant to any society, their expression is greatly influenced by beliefs and values of its context.Austen’s Emma features a society with strict social etiquettes, from which Emma learns and morally matures. Heckerling takes the idea of self growth and interprets it through a different context, where the lives of teenagers are rather shallow and revolve around trivial things. While the 19th century English society of Emma is governed by social classes which are distinct and rigid, Clueless features the fluid society classed by popularity and materialistic wealth. Overall both texts clearly reflect the context of its time.

Meningitis

Tax payable at 20% over annual allowance of 1 0000 IN class 4 payable at 8% after allowance of 7956 IN class 2 payable weekly at E. 50 After research new child minders operate at 1/3 ‘occupancy' for the first year of trading , followed by 75% thereafter which must be factored into individual projections. 1. 6 My support networks will include: PEACE for training advice and support. Including recommended paperwork and contract help. Network coordinator and the Local Authority are helpful to advise about updates on latest training requirements and any policy updates.Health Visitors are invaluable to maintain current knowledge of young hillside's milestones' and to ensure healthy development. Parents nobody understands their own children like their parents, so it is imperative to have a good relationship with the most important people in their lives. Teachers spend the most time with school age children other than parents and keeping strong links with schools can be very helpful in ensuring that children are happy and settled. My family/relatives in order to maintain a good work/life balance keeping strong relationships with my own family and friends is really important.Childbearing groups/ Childbearing networks could be really helpful to share NY tips or difficulties around being a children and what that in tales, sharing joint experiences (whilst maintaining confidentiality) is useful for career progression. Training/ Publications and magazines such as Who Minds, Childcare websites and OFFSET is vital for staying updated with the latest policies and procedures whilst ensuring that the level of service provided is at the highest standard possible. 2. 1 Explain the Key components off healthy and safe home based environment.Key components; Nappies will be disposed of by sealing in nappy sacks and placing in a sole repose bin within the changing area until the end of day when they will be put into an outside wheelie bin. The changing mat will be wiped with appr opriate anti-bacterial cleaner following use. The children and I will wash hands following nappy changes/toilet breaks, before eating and after playing outside or following messy play. Plastic toys will be wiped if visibly dirty after play and washed in the dishwasher weekly (minimum).I will ensure any pet beds and cages are kept clean and away from any food preparation areas. Any pets will be appropriately vaccinated, roomed and flea protected following veterinary advice. Pet waste will be disposed in a sanitary way, and any litter boxes will not be accessible to the children. Children will not be able to play with any animals when unsupervised. When using any equipment I will ensure that it is age appropriate, in full working order and used according to the manufacturers guidance.I will ensure that plug sockets are covered, stairs are not accessible, children are aware Of evacuation procedures (if age appropriate) and my fire alarms and carbon monoxide detectors are fully working and regularly tested. When dealing with food in my home/setting the Five Keys to Safer Food are: (1) keep clean; (2) separate raw and cooked; (3) cook thoroughly; (4) keep food at safe temperatures; and (5) use safe water and raw materials. This includes using separate chopping boards for meat and Vega. Ensuring food is within its use by date and labeling food with dates when not kept in its original packaging.When considering illness in order to protect all of the children present any child with a rash should be considered infectious and assessed by their doctor. Chickenpox children will be asked to remain at home until all icicles have crusted over. Cold sores, (Herpes simplex) Avoid contact with the sores. Cold sores are generally mild and self-limiting. German measles Four days from onset of rash. Hand, foot and mouth. Will contact the local HIP if a large number of children are affected. Exclusion may be considered in some circumstances.Impetigo Until lesions are crusted and he aled, or 48 hours after starting antibiotic treatment Antibiotic treatment speeds healing and reduces the infectious period Measles* Four days from onset of rash Preventable by vaccination (MR. xx). Ringworm; Exclusion not usually required Treatment is squired Scabies Child can return after first treatment Household and close contacts require treatment Scarlet fever* Child can return 24 hours after starting appropriate antibiotic treatment Antibiotic treatment is recommended for the affected child Slapped cheek/fifth disease.Ovoviviparous None (once rash has developed) Shingles Exclude only if rash is weeping and cannot be covered. Can cause chickenpox in those who are not immune, ii have not had chickenpox. It is spread by very close contact and touch. Warts and overrule. Overrule should be covered in swimming pools, gymnasiums ND changing rooms Diarrhea and/or vomiting the child should remain at home for 48 hours from last episode of diarrhea or vomiting Conjunctivitis should be t reated on the advice of GAP. Diphtheria * Exclusion from setting is essential. Will contact the HIP. Preventable by vaccination.Your local PHEW centre will organize any contact tracing necessary Head lice, Treatment is recommended only in cases where live lice have been seen Hepatitis A* Exclude until seven days after onset of jaundice (or seven days after symptom onset if no jaundice) In an outbreak of apatite's A, the local PHEW centre will advise on control measures Hepatitis HIVE/AIDS are bloodstone viruses that are not infectious through casual contact. For cleaning of body fluid spills see: Good Hygiene Practice Macroeconomic meningitis*/ specialist* Until recovered Meningitis C is preventable by vaccination.There is no reason to exclude siblings or other close contacts of a child. Meningitis* due to other bacteria Until recovered Hip and phonological meningitis are preventable by vaccination. There is no reason to exclude siblings or other close contacts of a case. Meningitis viral* Milder illness; There is no reason to exclude siblings and other close contacts of a case. Contact tracing is not required MRS.; Good hygiene, in particular handshaking and environmental cleaning, are important to minimize any danger of spread.Mumps* Exclude child for five days after onset of swelling Preventable by vaccination (MR. xx doses) Toreadors; Treatment is recommended for the child and household contacts Tonsillitis; There are many causes, but most cases are due to viruses and do not need an antibiotic. Denotes a noticeable disease. It is a statutory requirement that actors report a noticeable disease to the proper officer of the local authority In case of any accident the first aid kit should be easily accessed and that the first eider should act in accordance to their training and contact medical professionals if required.An Accident/ Incident Record Book will be used to record any accidents and also to log any medication administered including any long term medi cation. Parents will sign a consent form regarding administration of medication and then afterwards to confirm that you have advised them that the medication has been administered this includes inhalers, diabetic injections etc. If a child has known allergies and is required to have access to an penne the correct training Will be undertaken to administer this if required, via Correct medical professional or SST Johns Ambulance training.Any child's allergies will be recorded and every possible effort will be made to avoid triggers, ensuring that ingredients are know if a food allergy, pet hairs are avoided if an allergy relating to animals, and if wayfarer I will be aware of the pollen count whilst planning activities, allergies will be managed with support from parents who are used to their child's allergy needs. . Explain the principles of safe supervision of children in the home based setting and off site Everyday activities; school pick ups, toddler groups, trips to the park, bea ch, shops, visits to swimming pools, zoo and beach, will all carry its own particular risks and supervision needs.

British Airways have a wonderful Employer Brand

British Airways have a wonderful Employer Brand 1. Introduction of British Airways: British Airways have a wonderful Employer Brand and are one of those companies that virtually everyone wants to work for. Consequently, the difference that we bring is around the intelligence of candidate screening and filtering – helping candidates know if a particular job is appropriate for them, right from the start. And enabling the recruitment team to spot the best people and fast track them through interview to offer, for a rapid contribution to the business. British Airways is the UK’s largest international scheduled airline, flying to over 550 destinations at convenient times, to the best-located airports. Whether customers are in the air or on the ground, British Airways takes pride in providing a full service experience. The British Airways Group consists of British Airways PLC and a number of subsidiary companies including in particular British Airways Holidays Limited and British Airways Travel Shops Limited In an incredi bly tough trading environment we have to focus hard on pulling ourselves through the immediate crisis, while prepare the business for the better economic times. Our aim to fill the drive and competition of the Olympic spirit into the way we work and perform as a team, and it puts our customers at the heart of our culture. The structure of the world’s leading global premium airline focuses on the improving operational performance and financially fit. To achieve the strategic goals we need to measure our HR performance across the business and to make our managers accountable for delivery of our targets. In order to become the leading global premium airline, we need to look at the way we work as well as what we are doing as a business. Reuters reported one source as stating that under the plan ‘British Airways would have a 100% economic interest in a subsidiary that is KLM which will have some ingenious bits and pieces in the way it is structured to satisfy Dutch corporate governance rules and the aero-political implications of foreign ownership.’ Furthermore, BA would own only 49% of voting shares, with the remaining 51% held by Dutch investors and financial institutions brought in as ‘friendly’ shareholders who would hold an ‘A’ share equivalent that had no real economic value. BA meanwhile would own a ‘B’ share which would have no nominal value or voting rights, but which would capture some 99% of the economic interest. It is not certain yet whether the proposed structure would satisfy the requirements of certain bilateral treaties that have ‘ownership and control’ clauses. United Airways, a US carrier, has said that the USA might be willing to waive any objection to KLM ceasing to be Dutch and still maintain its position under a bilateral agreement with the Netherlands if Britain agreed to open the British trans-Atlantic aviation market, according to Reuters. 2. Strategy & Objectives: Pro vide a human capital management (â€Å"HCM†) solution for the recruitment process that mirrors the full service experience enjoyed by passengers. A more sophisticated, cost effective HCM solution to reduce the time attract and retain new employees and improve the candidate experience. Support opportunities at a number of levels – from school leavers to experienced professionals, with positions ranging from engineers to customer services.

Theory of representation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory of representation - Case Study Example The most symbolic event of this political transformation is the recent election of Barack Obama to the office of President. The rest of this essay will critically assess Anne Phillips' "politics of presence" theory of representation, by contrasting it to alternative theories and interpretations forwarded by other scholars. In the introduction to her book 'The Politics of Presence', Anne Phillips states that "most voters know too little about the candidates to make their talents or virtues the basis for political choice. Most voters, indeed, would query whether these should be a central concern. We might all wish to be represented by people we regard as wiser or more able than ourselves, but, faced with a choice between someone more competent and someone whose views we can share, we usually feel safer in giving our support to the latter. The political party provides us with the necessary shorthand for making our political choice: we look at the label rather than the person, and hope we will not be let down." (Phillips, 1998, p.15) The above passage captures the essential dilemma confronting a voter, who is often unsure of which candidate truly represents his/her interests, opinions and beliefs and in turn will help create matching policy measures. Typically, there are no concrete ways in which one can ascertain if a candidate really represents the aspirations of the voter. To this extent the democratic system is said to operate on "the politics of ideas". Anne Phillips' model of representation based on "politics of presence" aims to provide an alternative framework for analyzing representation. At the centre of political representation based on presence is the demand for equality based on gender, race, class and other parameters of a particular democratic society. The well-entrenched politics of ideas, which is the dominant model in the twentieth century, suggests "a broadly secular understanding of politics as a matter of judgement and debate, and expects political loyalties to develop around policies rather than people" (Phillips, 1998, p.16). But either due to the apparent failure of this model of representation or due to the compulsions of modern times, political scientists and public intellectuals are looking at alternative models of representation, based on avenues of "'typical' or 'mirror' or 'random' representation, which they have seen as a better approximation to the old dream of being ruler and ruled in turn, or as a more satisfactory way of ensuring that all interests are adequately addressed" (Phillips, 1998, p.16). Although Anne Phillips does not endorse these radical alternatives to traditional models of democratic representation, the theory based on 'politics of presence' is an effort toward the broader search for alternatives. The politics of presence theory of representation tries to address the sense of political exclusion felt by communities defined by their race, gender or ethnicity. More specifically, the politics of presence "demands for the equal representation of women with men; demands for a more even-handed balance between the different ethnic groups that make up each society; demands for the political inclusion of groups that have come to see themselves as marginalized or

Human Recourse Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Recourse Management - Essay Example The external environment of the company, the organisation’s monitoring system of the external environment and how these contribute to its success and occasional hiccups have also been looked into in this paper. To do this, this paper has used several analytical models. Particularly, this paper has used SWOT, PESTEL and the Porter Five forces model as analytical models to look into British Airways adjustment to the external environment. Finally, this paper has made several recommendations regarding how the chosen organisation can respond better to environmental forces. Analysing the External Environment of British Airways Introduction and Background British Airways is among the leading airlines in the global scene and the principle carrier in the United Kingdom. Statistics reveal that the company plays a key role in the worldwide economic landscape. In the financial year 2009/ 2010 it served approximately thirty two million customers and links over three hundred destinations (B ritish Airways Plc., 2010). Their financial statements are impressive since their revenue in the same financial year amounted to 8 billion dollars as stated by British Airways Plc. (2010). ... The present situation in the company is an interesting area of study since an analysis of how it deals with variations in the external environment affect business operations conclusions can be drawn and recommendations can be made. Company’s Profile British Airways has been proficient player in the airline industry since its incorporation in 1924 according to British Airways Plc. (2010). The company engages its activities both at the local and global level. It provides several services including cargo freight, passenger flight services, and mail services among other auxiliary services. Its business is mainly spread across the United States and Europe and serves over five hundred destinations worldwide (British Airways Plc. 2010). The company’s works towards expanding its customer base by offering world class services. There has been increasing competition in the airline business caused by the introduction of modern technology. British Airways has continuously updated it s policies to keep up with changes in the external environment and this is why the company has maintained leadership in business over the years. This business report involves a detailed analysis of the environment of British Airways by focusing on various issues. It will start by analysing the organisation’s external environment, by applying analytical models and ensuring an international focus. Secondly, it will give a critical review organisation’s monitoring system of the external environment. Finally, it will make recommendations detailing how the chosen organisation can respond better to environmental forces. The analytical models used in the report to evaluate the external

Introduction to Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Introduction to Business Law - Essay Example Law of misrepresentation have provisions that offer redress of the consumer detriment (Cartwright, 2007). However, the rights appear in fragmented forms that are complex hence making it unclear. The complexities presented by the law require amendments to ensure effective application of the law. The current laws provide confusions to the advisers of the consumers and traders as well as their clients, a fact that pose hindrances to private ordering. Therefore, the essay presents the law by highlighting the gaps that need amendments by considering possible avenues that are applicable in a case where the consumer is mislead by the trader. Misrepresentation refers to misleading actions when considered from a private law perspective. However, this law does not occur in a single body but rather represents several causes of actions for a number of issues arising from misrepresentation (Law Commissions, 2010; Atiyah and Treitel, 1967). Therefore, it gives rise to several families of rule. When a consumer intends to bring forth claims of misrepresentation, they are required to go through sea of actions that may be intimidating and lead to uncertain actions (Law Commissions, 2010). These represent some of the discouragement that hinders the consumers from commencing any claim from the fraudulent traders. When a consumer is presented with misleading facts, or is told something that is untrue, such a consumer is said to have been mislead. When the trader breaches the contract or act in a fraudulent manner, the law of England governs this in the 1967 act of the misrepresentation (Warren, 1983). A misrepresentation depends on whether the information falls within the three categories of factual, falseness and not an omission (Cartwright, 2007). When a representation is untrue, it represents an actionable prospect. However, when it is untimely, unintelligible, or not

The Japanese and Chinese economic models Research Paper - 1

The Japanese and Chinese economic models - Research Paper Example The economic models perform two basic functions, which include selection of information on the basis of econometric study and simplification of the gathered information. Economic models can be classified as stochastic models, non-stochastic models, qualitative models, quantitative models, equilibrium, and non-equilibrium models. If we talk about some of the benefits of having the economic models, we can say that economic models are widely used for a variety of purposes in the economic environment of every country. Some of main uses of economic models include guiding resource allocation decisions, forecasting the economic activities, planning the functions of economy, and making appropriate decisions related to the economy. All of these uses make economic model one of the most important models for the development of any country. Let us now discuss planning functions of the economic models of China and Japan, which are two of the most progressive and well-established economies of the w orld. Chinese economy has seen significant success and development over the last decade. The communist government of the People Republic of China has been successful in developing a strong Chinese economy, which has started developing its roots in most of the Asian, European, and American markets. â€Å"Although the politics of China remains communist, the economics might be called Advanced Mercantilist† (SNS 2010). Chinese economists have analyzed the perfects ways to deal with the west by considering the cases of South Korea and Japan and have come up with a well-designed economic modal, which has the ability to make the Chinese economy one of the most stable economies of the future world. If we talk about the Japanese model of economy, we can say that Japanese economic model has proved to be a very useful tool not only for the analysis of the current economic situation of Japan.

Informal Recommendations Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informal Recommendations Report - Research Paper Example Accounts payable is the hardest working accounting function. It is very important for an organization to use its resources for implementing this best practice in a company. In an organization generally different types of accounting record are being gathered. That information is invoices, purchasing orders and copy of receipt. Person from accounts payable department collects these three important documents and verify those documents before paying the accounts payable (Esma, 2013). It is tough job and highly error prone. Elimination of manual checking is a best practice for accounts payable. It is often being noticed that staffs of a company perform manual check of different bills and sign those bills and enter those information into a computer system. In this whole process staffs may enter faulty information into the system and as the process is done fast so, often some important information are not free from errors. Maintaining database of suppliers is a best practice for payable staffs of a company. It has been observed that maintaining a large data base of supplier is a serious problem for the staffs. It is often being noticed that suppliers make complaints that they are not getting their money in proper time. These kinds of problems generally occur due to large supplier base (Hansen, Otley and Sted, 2003). For resolving this issue reducing the supplier base is a best practice. Budgeting is a very difficult and painful but one of the most important best practices of accounting. It requires significant efforts to come up with a proper budget. Budgeting is all about allocations of the resources of a company in its different operating segments. This process is completed on the basis of past trends and futures forecasting and so levels of uncertainties are there. Those presences of uncertainties are making this a very risky function. It has been observed that when staffs of an organization is presenting the budget in front of the management of

Primary Source Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Primary Source Analysis - Essay Example Class struggles arise when the rulers exploit the ruled leading to the negative relationship they share. When the exploitation has become too much the ruled struggle to get power, and finally they become victors because they are many. Therefore, he points out that history is dynamic and progressive in the sense that has power changes hands from the rulers to the ruled, history changes and progress is achieved. He also describes the modern material world of the bourgeois, which is the most progressive class in terms of material things like technology, private property, communication and transportation (Marx & Engels, 1948). They value money, and therefore they oppress the proletarians who are the workers. The workers receive no pay and, therefore, suffer. Even internationally, the bourgeois trade unfairly by buying at a very cheap price but selling very expensively. The proletarians suffer and decide to struggle for power but at first, they fail because they are not united. Finally, they take over power because they become united against the bourgeois with the support of a few bourgeois. He advocates for the abolition of the private property because it is the cause of exploitation and class struggles (Marx & Engels, 1948). These will lead to a classless society which private property belongs to the state. In this context, the reader is left to find out other ways of eliminating the exploitation of the ruled in the society and how we can be part of the change the society we live in. we should not sit and wait for someone to come from outside to bring the change we want. The change should come from within. Unity brings change. Das Kapital is another source by Karl Marx that supports the communist manifesto by highlighting the plight of the worker and their relationship with capitalists. This work shows how much workers are exploited in this state of capitalism (Wheen, 2007). The capitalist

Rsearch Paer- Economy of Abu Dhabi Research Paper

Rsearch Paer- Economy of Abu Dhabi - Research Paper Example Abu Dhabi has become the significant trade partner of developed countries after the discovery of oil in the twentieth century following the formation of the UAE in 1971 (Radan, â€Å"The Story of Abu Dhabi†). In the vicinity of 1969, the region of Abu Dhabi was solely demarcated as an empty desert. However, within a span of around 10 years it went through a sea of change wherein a number of landmark architectures were built. Abu Dhabi uninhabitable desert accounts for nearly 10% of the world’s proven oil reserves. The economy of Abu Dhabi is kept on firming up and it will continue for years. Abu Dhabi has a population base of 921,000 till 2013 (Gimbel, â€Å"The Richest City In The World†). The overview of limited private rights of land is becoming the area of focus and the world looks towards Abu Dhabi as a safe investment area. Thus, a rapid explosive progress has risen dramatically. However, it is important that this growth is managed and coordinated in a subs tantial way. The Urban Construction Framework Plan i.e. â€Å"Plan Abu Dhabi 2030† presents a clear picture of the upcoming city as a socially, environmentally and economically maintainable community and as a progressively important national capital (Gimbel, â€Å"The Richest City In The World.†). THESIS STATEMENT The aim of the study is to explore the economy of one of the world’s richest cities i.e. Abu Dhabi. ... HISTORY AND ECONOMY BEFORE DISCOVERING OIL The source of the name of Abu Dhabi is ambiguous but according to ‘Assistant Under Secretory’ of cultural affairs the place Abu Dhabi had a number of dhibhaa (deer) and there was a man who used to chase it. Thus, the nick name was given as Abu Dhabi. The economy was uncertain and local rulers maintained their autonomy only with the British assistance. Before the discovery of oil, Abu Dhabi was a land of desert and there were resourceful nomadic Bedouin tribes who mainly depended on subsistence agriculture, roaming animal husbandry, along with extracting and trading of pearls, fishing and seafaring. At that time, the city can be identified to reveal the availability of several hundred palm huts, a few coral buildings and the ruler’s fort. The Bedouin tribe refers to the desert dwellers, who are considered as the building block of the UAE society. They lived in different places and used to travel between the ocean, the dese rt (to find camels as well as herds) and the oasis (where the water sources along with irrigation are available for farming). The Bedouin tribe was considered as resourceful and independent and their skills prevail today among the modern Emirates people (Zayed University, United Arab Emirates, â€Å"The Story of the U.A.E.†). The city Abu Dhabi mainly depended on fishing and pearl business prior to the discovery of oil. At that period of time, Abu Dhabi was a poor fishing village in the desert. During the 1930s, Abu Dhabi was far from the present state of being regarded as the world’s richest city. At that time, Persian Gulf was considered as the best place for the pearls. Pearl founders had to dive one and a half minute and at times 30 times a

Is Gambling a Social Problem Essay Example for Free

Is Gambling a Social Problem Essay Gambling is an act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning. It also involves a significant risk as the material good (usually money) wagered in the game may be lost if the player does not win. Common forms of gambling include cockfighting (which usually results in the death of one or both roosters), casinos (which has become a profitable business), slot machines (convenient for those who want to play individually), bookmaking (often used for predicting the winners of sports competitions), and caracruz (simplest form of gambling which has existed since ancient history). There is an ongoing debate among social scientists, psychologists, business lobby groups, and others on the benefits and dangers of gambling. Some anti-gambling social activists argue that gambling is a serious social problem, while others argue that gambling problem is a problem of certain individuals who suffer from psychological ills and that in certain circumstances gambling on the contrary is a significant source of income (for example, for Native American tribes). Gambling Is a Social Problem ?Gambling is associated with a range of social issues and thus needs to be designated as a social problem. According to research on the topic, there is a correlation between various social problems and gambling. For example, Hardoon et al. , point out in their study that gambling problem among adolescents they studied stemmed from the lack of healthy familial and peer support, drug use problems, behavioral problems, problems related to family issues, and the parental gambling problems as well as their substance abuse. According to Hardoon et al. , there is a significant familial contribution to gambling problems. Read more:  Ã‚  Essays on Social Issues Many of their respondents said that their elder siblings had a strong influence in their decisions to experience gambling. Many of the respondents who suffered from gambling problems said that their parents themselves were problem gamblers. The study by Hardoon et al. , also points out that children of problem gamblers suffered from insecurity and a sense of â€Å"pervasive loss† (170). They also argue that gambling problem among parents leads to various kinds of familial dysfunctioning, including drug addiction, conduct problems, and delinquency. Hardoon et al. , also point out that there is a connection between gambling and substance use. â€Å"Compared to nongamblers,† they write, â€Å"adolescent gamblers are more likely to drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, and use drugs† (171). Gamblers are three times more likely to use drugs than non-gamblers. Gambling and substance use problems among adolescents often leads to delinquency and illegal behavior. Adolescents suffering from serious gambling problems are also likely to experience difficulty in school such as decreased academic performance and poor grades. More than half of the problem gamblers Hardoon et al. , studied suffered from conduct problems as well. They were more likely to break rules, get into troubles with individuals in authority, frequently display oppositional behavior, and join anti-social activities (171). This study in general demonstrates that the gambling problem is part of larger social issues and there is a clear correlation between gambling and various social problems. Another study on the impact of gambling on college students suggests that about 1. 6% of the U. S. dult population meets the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling (Level 1), and 3,85% reportedly suffer from subclinical (Level 2) gambling problems. Among college students, the rate of gambling problem on both levels is twice as high as it is among the general adult population. There are significant social and health-related problems associated with adolescent gambling problems. Adolescents and young adults addicted to gambling suffer from serious stress-related problems. Many of them attempt and even complete suicides. Among these adolescents and young adults, the rate of disorderly familial relationships is much higher. There is a higher rate of comorbidity with other addictive disorders, and there are more frequent instances among these adolescents and young adults of arrests and convictions. The study concludes that â€Å"social norms–based social marketing campaigns (emphasizing accurate descriptive norms for alcohol) to successfully reduce alcohol use on campus† needs to be reworked and applied for combating gambling problems among college students (Larimer Neighbors 241-242). This is another testament to the fact that gambling is a social problem and that the way to reduce it is to employ tools which are used for combating other social problems. Illuminating in this case is the experience of Native American tribes in the United States. With the passing of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) in 1988, which mandated legislative basis for managing and regulating Indian gaming, the number of casinos has sharply risen in Native American communities. As a result of this, one study of this phenomenon points out, Native Americans â€Å"are four to six times more likely to be pathological gamblers and two to five times more likely to be problem gamblers than non-Indians† (Momper 139). The study also cites poverty, unemployment, and historical injustice as factors that contribute to the development of gambling problems among indigenous groups. According to this study, there is a similar correlation between the practice of excessive gambling and predisposition to other social and behavioral problems such as alcoholism, drug use, and disruptive behavior among Native American groups—but in significantly higher numbers than it is among non-Indians in the United States. Gambling is Not a Social Problem ?While it is true that gambling addiction, just like any other addictive behaviors such as alcohol addiction or drug addiction, is a social problem, gambling itself is not a social problem. Participants of gambling make conscious decisions and they have the freedom to stop the practice whenever they think it is detrimental to their financial, psychological, and social conditions. For example, in the year 1999 the National Gambling Impact Study Commission surveyed the U. S. opulation and found out that 86% of Americans had gambled some time in their lives, and that 68% gambled in 1999 alone (Seligman 86). Out of this large segment of the population who regularly gamble, only a tiny percentage of the population suffers from serious gambling problems. ?Discussions over the use of gambling are sometimes controversial because it is one of the businesses in America which has a bad reputation, on the one hand, and is so popular that more and more Americans are demanding gambling opportunities, on the other. Due to its popularity, gambling has been legalized in all states except Hawaii, Tennessee, and Utah. Residents of these states also gamble, by traveling to other states or by taking advantage of online gambling opportunities. Total wagering in the Unites States is around $900 billion a year (constituting 10% of personal income), and the lion’s share of wagering takes place in casinos ($600 billion). And casinos now exist in twenty nine states. But these are official figures and unofficially the extent of gambling among Americans is likely to be much higher (Seligman 87). Gambling in the United States is a legitimate form of business, and designating it a social problem would necessitate that we label other legitimate forms of business as social problems as well. As Seligman points out, â€Å"Wall Street offers plenty of bets with risk/reward opportunities that mirror those of slot machines—a long shot with occasional huge payout. Buying out-of-the-money puts on an airline stock just before a union vote would fall in that category. If the members unexpectedly vote against wage concessions, you could make a killing on the bankruptcy† (Seligman 89). Some critics of gambling who criticize it from an economic perspective, say that, while gambling consumes time, energy, and resources, it does not produce any real output. But that argument can be used against most kinds of financial transactions and speculating, both of which are acceptable, and in today’s world, necessary components of international financing. As for the charge that problem gambling leads to comorbidity with other social problems such as alcohol abuse and drug use, more research is required to determine the nuances of this connection. Does excessive gambling lead to alcohol abuse or is it the way around? If it is the former, then it is the problem of gambling addiction which needs to be labeled a social problem and remedied. If it is the latter, then it is the problem of alcoholism rather than gambling because alcohol abusers have more than one way of ruing their lives (gambling is not their only option), and even here the issue is the abusive consumption of alcohol, not alcohol consumption in general. Those who see gambling as a social problem ignore the fact that gambling may—and in many cases it does—lead to positive social outcomes. This is generally the case in the Indian reservations in the U. S. As Momper points out, an IGRA passage which aimed at encouraging gambling on reservations for the purpose of raising the standards of living on the poorest reservations â€Å"was the only federal policy that produced lasting effects for tribes, inasmuch as the unemployment rate (38 percent) on 214 reservations with casinos decreased by 13 percent from 1989 to 1995. Even if one takes into account the increase in the number of problem gamblers, other social and economic gains from casinos on reservations greatly outweighed the negative consequences of this business. In addition to creating jobs, casinos on reservations provided the American Indian community with various social services and strengthened their social bonds (Momper 142; Cornell et al. , 1998). While it is true that gambling addiction as increased among American Indian residents as a result of building casinos, in many instances improvements in standards of living took many of them out of poverty, decreasing the rate of behavioral problems and anti-social activities. ?In summary, both proponents of gambling-is-a-social-problem thesis and their opponents have strong arguments at hand. The debate is likely to continue without being resolved as it is a controversial topic and gambling among the U. S. population leads to mixed results: both positive and negative.

Should Abortion Be Permissible Essay Example for Free

Should Abortion Be Permissible Essay Be certain to ensure your scope is adequately narrow enough to focus on distinction points within the examined point and you’ll do even better than you already have I am going to argue that it is always permissible for a woman to have an abortion no matter the circumstances. Abortion has been a worldwide debate for several years now where people generally either take the side of pro-life or pro-choice. The biggest problem about abortion is deciding when a baby becomes a part of the human community or a human being and who makes these decisions. While there are many different philosophers who have written about their beliefs on this topic, I will use Don Marquis’ article arguing why abortion is immortal and Judith Jarvis Thomson’s article defending abortion. I have always had a very strong opinion on abortion and Judith Jarvis Thomson has only helped solidify my argument. Although Don Marquis presents some very powerful and reasonable arguments against abortion, I will argue that Judith Jarvis Thomson’s defense of abortion is stronger and more reasonable. In Thomson’s article â€Å"A Defence of Abortion†, she states several different arguments which discuss the difference between unjust and not unjust. â€Å"The right to life consists not in the right not to be killed, but rather in the right not to be killed unjustly† (Thomson, 1986). Thomson’s view on abortion is that everything focuses on whether or not the fetus has the right to be using a woman’s body. If the fetus does not have the right, then it is not unjust to abort the baby. Thomson believes that most of the time a fetus does not have the right to use a woman’s body; therefore in this instance it is permissible to have an abortion. Every person has individual responsibilities depending on different aspects of their life. (Responsibilities and knowledge ? ) In order to better relay her argument, Thomson uses several unique examples that have nothing at all to do with abortion, but the examples can be completely interchangeable with her arguments on abortion. Imagine that without any consent, a famous, unconscious violinist is attached to your circulatory system. It has been decided that you were the only person available who has the same blood type as the violinist and in order to save his life yours has been sacrificed. After nine months he will be able to live on his own, but if he is unplugged before then he will die. If the violinist was replaced with a fetus, how would this example differ? It wouldn’t at all. A fetus stays in a woman’s body for nine months, using most if not all of the woman’s organs to survive. The difference between this example and planned pregnancy is that there was no consent given for the fetus to use the mother’s body. Therefore, there are no moral obligations to keep the fetus (or person in the violinist example) alive. On the other hand, not sharing a box of chocolates that two brothers had the same rights to is being completely unjust. An example about a burglar is used to explain Thomson’s second major point. You open a window because it is too warm, fully aware that there are burglars around and a burglar climbs in the window. This example compares to voluntarily engaging in sexual intercourse and being fully aware of the possible outcome of becoming pregnant. Because it is voluntary and the person has complete knowledge of the possible consequences, there is no moral obligation to keep the fetus (or burglar) alive. Just because a woman engaged in sexual intercourse with full knowledge that she could get pregnant (inviting the fetus in) does not give the fetus a right to be using her body, therefore it is unjust. Similar to the burglar example is the â€Å"people seeds† example. Imagine there were â€Å"people seeds† and if they entered your house, you would become pregnant. You took all of the precautions by putting special net screens on the windows, but there is always that small chance that a seed could enter the house and it does. Everything is the same in this example as the previous one, except all necessary precautions were taken. Unfortunately consequences resulted in a defect in protection; therefore there is still no moral obligations to keep the fetus (seed) alive. Don Marquis began his article titled â€Å"Why Abortion is Immortal† by splitting it into two positions which included Sanctity of Life Position and the Fetus is Not a Person Position. The Sanctity of Life Position or Pro-Life argues that a fetus is human life and it is naturally wrong to take a human life, therefore abortion is morally wrong. The anti-abortionist will say â€Å"It is always prima facie seriously wrong to take a human life† (Marquis, 1989). Marquis claims that this position is way too broad because it mainly focuses on the wrongness of killing which covers too much. On the other hand, the Fetus is Not a Person Position or Pro-Choice argues that a fetus is not a developed person and it lacks psychological characteristics that constitute a person and is not a social or a human being. The pro-choicer will say, â€Å"It is only seriously wrong to take the life of a member of the human community† (Marquis, 1989). Therefore, abortion is not wrong because a fetus is not a person. Marquis claims that this position is too narrow because it concentrates on â€Å"finding a moral principle concerning the wrongness of killing†. Marquis believes that in the abortion debate people are focusing on the wrong things. He says that we need to focus more on the morality of life taking and less about personhood. The very first thing he brings up is that every person deserves the same right to life that we have. This is his first point arguing against abortion because he says that it completely takes away the fetus’s future and its right to life. He believes that abortion is extremely wrong, just as morally wrong as killing a person. He then goes on to discuss the three main reasons why he believes that killing is wrong: (1) killing brutalizes the one who kills because killing is immortal, (2) killing results in others experiencing a great loss, and (3) killing results in the removal of a person from basic society needs. A fetus is completely dependent on its mother or care taker. If placed in the wild it would most likely die, a fetus does not have the proper physical characteristics or abilities to take care of itself therefore I do not believe that a fetus is a human being. â€Å"All humans, whatever their race, gender, religion or age, have the right to life† (Marquis, 1989). I could not agree more with Marquis when he says that all humans have the right to a valuable future like our own. As Thomson would also agree, but she would argue that a fetus is not a human, as previously stated, consequently this would not apply to abortion through Thomson’s eyes. . M – wrong with killing – (Kant) imperfect duty to ourselves, value of life in general, killing is brutal because it is immortal b. Euthanasia c. Argument: bringing someone into the world that a woman does not want or does not have the resources to take care of child Another debatable point that Thomson brings up is the chance of a mother dying during pregnancy. Thomson states, â€Å"†¦I am not claiming that people have a right to do anything whatever to save their lives. I think, rather, that there are drastic limits to the right of self-defense† (Thomson, 1986). Killing the mother and letting the mother die are just as equally unjust. In other words watching the mother die and not doing a thing about it is equally immoral as killing her, therefore Although I am pro-choice and fully agree with Thomson and her arguments, it is very common for depression to occur after an abortion is completed. Marquis brings this point up when he discusses his reasons as to why killing is wrong. He states that killing brutalizes the one who kills. In order for me to agree with this statement when talking about abortion I would have to substitute killing and kills for abortion and aborts. Marquis’s third statement about why killing is wrong is â€Å"a killing results in the deprivation of all of another’s experiences, activities, projects, and enjoyments that would otherwise have contributed her future† (Marquis, 1989). Abortion does not fit under this category at all because abortion is legal. If a thirty-four year old person was killed, the murderer would obviously go to jail for performing an illegal action and would be deprived of all of his experiences, activities, etc.

The Basic Economic Problem

The Basic Economic Problem Introduction The basic economic problem is the scarcity of resources. People want more than can be met with their available resources. The human needs are unlimited because they grow and evolve while the means of fulfilling the needs (financial assets) are limited (Stiglitz 1992: 48). The effort to overcome the relative lack of goods, in other words to solve the economic problem is the basis of the economic activity of people. If the satisfaction of a need does not have a shortage of the appropriate resource, the action for the acquisition of this instrument is not classified as economic. The effort, for example, for inhalation of air lacks is not an economic action because the air is in abundance. The economic goods, of course, are not created on their own. It is the result of peoples effort that use whatever is available to them, to create resources that meet the needs i.e. the goods. The elements that are necessary for the creation of goods are called productive assets. Consequently, when it is said that economic goods are in relative scarcity or shortage, in fact it is meant that there is a scarcity of productive assets (nature, labor, capital). The problem of scarcity of resources has as a result the allocation of resources. In other words the process of the selection of needs to be met and the amount of resources used to meet them. Thus economics is a social science, which deals with how society allocates scarce resources among unlimited wants and needs (Wilson Clark 1999:21). The question that arises is how people allocate scarce resources to get the most value. Scarcity of production assets The scarcity of the asset nature is obvious that is due to the fact that land is limited in size and productive forces. The scarcity of the asset labor is due to the limited number of people able to work and to the fact that each person can only work a certain number of hours a day. The asset capital is the result of nature and labor and these are in scarcity, the chapter will also be in scarcity. The Basic Economic Problem and the Market Mechanism The above mentioned definition, contained in most introduction to economic theory manuals conceals through a non historical generalization the fact that the main body of economic science has dealt with the analysis of capitalist societies which are characterized, on the one hand, by the private ownership of the means of production and unequal power relations between wage labor and capital and on the other from freedom of entrepreneurial activity and the competition of capital assets in the market. According to the orthodox economic analysis, the scarcity (= failure, lack of) of resources in relation to social needs, forces each society to choose which products should be produced and in what quantities (Gough 1979:120). Moreover, the scarcity of resources means that the production of a particular product has costs in the form of other goods and services that could be produced in its place with the same resources spent for its production. For example, the working time and the machines that are used for car production cannot be used placed for the construction of schools. The cost of producing a product, defined as the equivalent of the cost of products that could be produced alternatively in its place, is called opportunity cost. Each product has an opportunity cost only when social resources are fully utilized. When there are idle production assets, that means productive resources are underemployed (unemployment or incomplete use of existing machines), then the production of a product has zero opportunity cost because it does not deprive already productive resources form the production of other products (Le Grand et al. 1992:75) The scarcity of resources and the opportunity cost impose the non-wasting of resources to maximize the product, consumption and hence social welfare. This is achieved on the one hand through the harmonization of the allocation of resources among productive uses of the social needs and preferences, and on the other through the savings of resources during the production of goods. So, the society avoids to produce useless products that nobody wants to consume or produce useful products but with more resources than those that it could use if it combined them better. The avoidance of the waste of the productive resources of society through a continuous effort of their saving and comprehensive utilization is related to the concept of economic efficiency. An economy is effective when it does not waste its limited resources by producing useless products when it maximizes the produced goods by ensuring their full use and their excellent combination. Because the capitalist system has as structural component unemployment and periodic phases of overproduction or underemployment of resources, it suffers from permanent economic inefficiency (Barr 1998:75). A social system to be cost effective is an important achievement, because it maximizes the production and consumption abilities of the society and hence social welfare. But a cost-effective social system is not necessarily fair, because social welfare can be unequally distributed among members of society. The wealth of some people can coexist with the poverty of others. The methods of analysis of the economists can be used to evaluate the different modes of economic organization in achieving both efficiency and equity, as well as to evaluate other objectives such as the promotion of consumer choices and social solidarity. Although, as mentioned above, the determination of social goals is the result of the ideological and political confrontation, economic argumentation can contribute significantly to the process of clarifying objectives and options. Generally in capitalist societies, it is possible to have a relation of reverse ratio between the objectives of economic efficiency and social justice. Thats because when the employees and other social classes and strata achieve redistribution of income to their benefit, then it is possible that the profit rate may fall, and as a consequence capital reduces the amount of investment and the rate of product slows down. So the efficiency of the economy may be reduced as a result of the redistribution of income, although the latter contributes to achieving social justice. In summary, it can be said that social welfare that is based on the satisfaction of social needs through consumption depends on : the harmonization of social preferences for product consumption with the allocation of social resources in their production, the effective use of resources in goods production the fair distribution of income and the fair distribution of wealth, which ensure that social welfare is distributed equitably among all members of society. The harmonization of social preferences for product consumption with the distribution of social resources for their production and the efficient use of resources in the production of goods, refer directly to the goal of economic efficiency whereas the equitable distribution of income and the equitable distribution of wealth refer to social justice. The two objectives may conflict in capitalist societies. Conclusion The economic problem is a permanent problem for human societies. In the immediate future there is neither a limitation of the needs nor a substantial increase in the resources to satisfy needs. On the contrary, indeed, as the pessimistic scholars support the economic problem will become more intense. This forecast is based on three elements: 1) the continuous increase in world population, 2) the depletion of energy sources and 3) the negative effects of the production of many products in the natural environment e.g. contamination of rivers, etc. But along with such bleak prospects there is the evolution of technology and the possibility to find new energy sources that tend to dampen the intensity of the economic problem. However, to the degree that developments can be predicted, the basic economic problem seems to be permanent.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): The Gentle Meursault :: Camus Stranger Essays

The Gentle Meursault of Camus’s The Stranger (The Outsider) In Albert Camus’s The Stranger, Meursault, the protagonist, could be seen as immoral if he were judged on the basis of his actions alone. However, through Camus’s use of a first person narrative, we begin to understand Meursault as not an immoral man, but simply an indifferent one. Meursault is a symbol of the universe, and so in understanding him we understand that the universe is also not evil, but instead a place of gentle indifference. At first glance, Meursault could be seen as an evil man. He shows no grief at his mother’s funeral, worrying more about the heat. His first reaction to his mother’s death is not sadness, it is a matter-of-fact, unemotional acceptance of the situation. â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know.† Later on in the story, Meursault kills an Arab on the beach, and his only concern is that he has ruined the calm, pleasant day he was having. When he is in jail, the magistrate comes in an attempt to save Meursault’s soul, but instead of cooperating, Meursault simply confounds the magistrate by refusing to believe in God. Even at his trial, Meursault doesn’t show any remorse for having killed the Arab. Based on this evidence alone, how can we not see Meursault as evil? In the novel, we are given a more complete view of Meursault. The story is told from his point-of-view, which allows us to understand the situation as Meursault perceives it. Looking at the situation in this light, we can see Meursault as not evil, but simply indifferent and detached from life. He doesn’t attempt to get wrapped up in emotion or relationships, he just takes things as they come, doing whatever is easiest for him. He becomes friends with Raymond and agrees to marry Marie simply because he doesn’t have a very good reason not to. Seeing the story from Meursault’s viewpoint, we understand that even killing the Arab wasn’t an act of malice or evil intent. As Meursault puts it, â€Å"My nature is such that my physical needs often get in the way of my feelings.† With this in context, things begin to make more sense. Meursault’s seemingly cryptic statement that he murdered the Arab â€Å"because of the sun† can be taken as truth . Meursault does things that society judges as wrong not because he is evil or wants to appear immoral, but because the sun and heat, symbols for Meursault’s emotional state, cause him to become uncomfortable and act â€Å"inappropriately.

The Federal Reserve System :: essays research papers

The Federal Reserve System was founded by Congress in 1913, it began to operate in Nov., 1914. Its setup, although somewhat altered since its establishment, particularly by the Banking Act of 1935, has remained substantially the same. Structure The Federal Reserve Act created 12 regional Federal Reserve banks, supervised by a Federal Reserve Board. Each reserve bank is the central bank for its district. The boundary lines of the districts were drawn in accordance with broad geographic patterns of business, and the banks were placed in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco. In addition some of the regional banks have one or more branch banks attached to them. All national banks must belong to the system, and state banks may if they meet certain requirements. Member banks hold the bulk of the deposits of all commercial banks in the country. Each member bank is required to own stock in the Federal Reserve bank of its district and must maintain legal reserves on deposit with the district reserve bank. The required reserves are proportionate to the member bank’s own deposits, the proportion varying according to the location of the member bank and the character of its deposits. Each reserve bank is managed by a board of nine directors (three appointed by the Federal Reserve Board, six by the local member banks). The Federal Reserve System’s Board of Governors designates one of the federally appointed directors as chairman and Federal Reserve agent; it is the chairman’s duty to report to the Board. The board of directors appoints the bank’s president and other officers and employees. The operations of the Federal Reserve banks, although not conducted primarily for profit, yield an income that is ordinarily sufficient to cover expenses, to pay a 6% cumulative dividend annually on the stock held by member banks, to make additions to surplus, and to provide the U.S. Treasury with over $1 billion a year in revenue. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System—the national supervisory agency—is composed of seven members appointed for 14-year terms by the President. Its offices are in Washington, D.C. The Federal Open Market Committee, created later (1923) than the system’s other divisions, comprises the seven members of the Board of Governors and five representatives of the Federal Reserve banks; it directs the purchases and sales by the reserve banks of federal government securities and other obligations in the open market.

Essay --

Child labor is the employment of children, but not all work done by children should be classified as child labor that should be eliminated. Children’s participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling is generally regarded as being something positive. The term â€Å"child labor† is defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. Imagine you and I with such limited opportunities. Imagine if children like us did not know the joys of school life but rather the life of hard physical labor. Imagine if we had to struggle miles for water, work several hours a day to earn a few scraps of food that kept us barely alive. Unimaginable, yet the life of 215 million kids around the world today – child laborers. Children are engaged in the worst forms of child labor, many of them in agriculture. They use potentially dangerous machinery and tools, carry heavy loads, work long hours in extreme heat a...

NeoMed Tech

Subject line: Describe what went right and what went wrong with this venture. Add in how you would fix the Identified problems, If this was your company. Needed Technologies developed a diagnostic device used for cardiac testing, and is headquartered in Ohio. They developed a CAD screen system to detect coronary artery disease. The company was founded in 2000 and is based in Cleveland, Ohio.Needed Technologies was faced with a lot of difficult decisions at the beginning when it came to where their product would best fit and be most successful. They ad developed a technology that could fit Into many markets, but needed to choose a product path and market. Their continued challenges occurred due to the changes In the market direction of venture capital opportunities and the funding available, all due to changes in the economy at that time.Due to the lack of funding, and a continued decline in Venture Capital funding along with a downturn in the economy; I believe had the economic situa tion been different at the time when they needed venture capital funding, the would've faced less challenges. The management team and Board of Directors were selected carefully and all had the experience and the background needed for success In the product market space. Needed Technologies had a strong business plan, and had conducted extensive research in initial planning stages.I believe based on the reading materials in this chapter; they did all the right things in the planning and early development stages. Although Needed Technologies had to contend with big name competitors and major players in the diagnostic and imaging market such as GE Medical and Philips, also located in the Ohio region; their strategy to be headquartered in Ohio was a sound decision. However, they should've investigated further in the opportunity to obtain venture capital funding outside of the Ohio region.Perhaps they could've spent more time studying competitive business cases of companies Like competit or, Heartaches, who specializes In the BEST test. The Heartaches product, although more costly, had seen success and was widely accepted in the Medical field. Despite the added cost of the Heartaches BEST test, they were seeing success in the market. One strategy change I would've considered early on was not applying all resources of their technology into one area.Needed Technologies should've considered applying their initial product development to the technology of screening for drugs, drug delivery applications or detecting cancer. These areas would've possibly allowed for a quick to market product, without the additional approvals, quality standards applied in the medical equipment space, and FDA approvals needed. Bringing a simpler product to market first could've brought in revenue to fund the long-term reduce focus off CAD screen system.The profits from a drug screening or drug delivery product could've assisted in funding their long-term product focus, they missed an opportu nity to develop a quick revenue steam. Defense space, for detection of nuclear weapons, or dirty bombs. With the shift later in Venture Capital funding opportunities, they could've experienced success in this area as well. Bottom-line, they put all their eggs in one basket; they failed to have a backup product to develop a quick revenue stream to further fund their long-term goal.However, without a crystal ball that was a difficult decision. There were clear signs of shifts in investment opportunities, the shift indicted investments being shifted towards Homeland Security, military applications, and protection from various biological and chemical threats. Needed Technologies should shift some of their resources to developing a product to fit into that area, thus allowing them the opportunity to obtain additional venture capital funding, and perhaps developing a profitable product in the Homeland Security space.The revenue stream from this reduce would allow them later to proceed wit h their CAD screen system. There was another area of investment that should've been further investigated, â€Å"Angel Investors†, most of who are Entrepreneurs themselves currently, or at some point in their career. Inviting one of the Angel investors a seat on the board, as well as leveraging the experience they have gained from starting their own company, dealing with the challenges of starting a business, and investigating further Venture capital funding areas.Needed Technologies should've reached out farther than Just the Ohio-based Venture Capital firms, this would've allowed them a broader audience of investors and opportunity. I don't believe holding off for perfection is necessarily wrong, especially when dealing with, and factoring in the value of human life. The Needed Technologies board of directors and upper level management all appeared to encompass strong ethics and while that might be a weakness to others, ethics are important and should never be compromised. T oo many companies take the short cut to success and people get hurt.

Nanoparticles

in that locationfore, nanoparticles could be the key factor for the incoming technologies. Scientific as well as public associations atomic number 18 paying their assist for nanoparticles technology as a favourable investment etymon. Nanoparticles could be stoold via sensible, chemical or biologic methods (Haider and Kang, 2015 Ebrahiminezhad et al., 2017).Both chemical and physical methods use reducing agents much(prenominal) as sodium borohydride, sodium citrate and alcohols (Rai and Duran, 2011). However, development of microorganisms in entailment of nanoparticles represents another commodious achievement because of the economic and ease proceeds (Shelar and Chavan, 2014 Patel et al., 2015). Research revealed that biological methods is an inexpensive and eco-friendly office for synthesis of nanoparticles.This method used biological agents including bacteria, fungi, yeast and plants (Mourato et al., 2011). modernly, emerging such microorganisms as eco-friendly nano -factories to manufacture inorganic nanoparticles was attractive (Lee et al., 2004 Lengke et al., 2007). kingdom Fungi were mentioned as excellent candidates for metal nanoparticle synthesis because they contain many a(prenominal) of enzymes that induce the drudgery (Sastry et al., 2003).It was assumed that the mechanism involved in nanoparticles merchandise by fungi was payable to cell ring sugars that could reduce the metal ions (Mukherjee et al., 2002) and because they have the high cell wall binding capacity, metal uptake and entomb more amounts of proteins lead to the higher productiveness of nanoparticles (Vahabi et al., 2011). Fungi have some advantages oer the other microorganisms regarding the synthesis of NPs, because fungous mycelia atomic number 18 able to resist pressure, high temperature and easygoing storage in the laboratory (Kiran et al., 2016).There are many of metals for biosynthesis (NPs) such as copper, zinc, crusade, iron trichloride, lead carbonat e, flamboyant and gold (Siddiqi and Husen, 2016). In addition, smooth NPs could be combined by fungi either intracellularly or extracellularly but the extracellular biosynthesis downriver process much easier and showed more activities against many pathogens (Ahmad et al., 2003).Among the active fungi that were reported to produce nanoparticlesRhizopous oryzae produced nanoparticles intracellularly of gold (Das et al., 2012), Verticillium sp extracellularly peodcued gold and silver nanoparticles (Soni and Prakash, 2014) in the size of it range of 2051 nm. However, F. oxysporum produced nanoparticles of silver of 515 nm and 8-14 nm in diameter extracellularly (Ahmad et al., 2003 Senapati et al., 2005). umteen other fungi were approved for their productiveness of nanoparticles of dissimilar metals either extracellularly or intracellularly including Phoma sp. (Chen et al., 2003), the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. (Shankar et al., 2003), genus genus Aspergillus fumigatus (K uber and DSouza, 2006) , Fusarium acuminatum (Ingle et al., 2008) , Trichoderma asperellum (Mukherjee et al., 2008), F. semitectum (Sawle et al., 2008), Phoma glomerate (Birla et al., 2009), F. solani (Ingle et al., 2009) , plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger (Gade et al., 2008 Jaidev and Narasimha, 2010).Aspergillus flavus (Vigneshwaran et al., 2007 Jain et al., 2011) , Paecilomyces lilacinus (Devi and Joshi, 2012), endophytic fungus Pencillium sp. (Singh et al., 2013), Aspergillus foetidus (Roy and Das, 2014), Rhizopus stolonifer (AbdelRahim et al., 2017), genus Penicillium Oxalicum (Bhattacharjee et al., 2017) and Trichoderma atroviride (Saravanakumar and Wang, 2018). Many recent reports have shown that production of nanoparticles by fungi are could be ingrained by various full term of temperature, biomass weight, time and pH ( Balakumaran et al., 2016 Liang et al., 2017 Othman et al., 2017).Husseiny et al. (2015) reported that nearly important factors that were affecting the biosynthesis of AgNPs were the temperature, pH, time, the intentness of AgNO3 and amount biomass. Narayanan and Sakthivel (2010) approved that incubation at 27 0C for 72 h with 7 pH and 10 g of the fungal biomass and 1mM concentration of AgNPs were considered the optimum conditions for production of AgNPs from AgNO3 by fungi.Researches showed some variations in the characteristics of the biosynthesized AgNPs by several(predicate) fungal species. These variations could be due to the source of fungal isolates or strains and types of medium (Devi and Joshi, 2012 Roy and Das, 2014). When Alam et al. (2017) compared the different types of media, they found Czapex dox broth was a skillful medium to produce enough mycelial biomass to synthesize AgNPs.This because this medium contains essential carbon and northward source along with other resilient macro and micronutrients such as magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, iron and zinc which are vital for fungal growth.Nowadays, appli cation of AgNPs confirmed their effectiveness in treatment of cancer, bone implant, anti-inflammatory and their biocidal action against many bacteria and pathogens (Husseiny et al., 2015 Majeed et al., 2016).The antibacterial drug properties of AgNPs are due to the oxidation and liberation of Ag+ ions into the environment that makes it an ideal biocidal agent (Sivakumar et al., 2015). It is evaluate that the large push through area to batch ratio as well as high fraction of the surface atoms of the nanoparticles join on their healthful natural process as compared with bulge out silver metal (Joy and Johnson, 2015).Moreover, the small size of the nanoparticles facilitates their penetration inside the cell. Additionally, excellent antibacterial properties exhibited by AgNPs are due to their well-developed surface which provides maximum contact with the environment (Mitiku and Yilma, 2017).Recent research approved the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles against m any bacteria specially those having the capability to cause severe distemper for the human such as Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, strep, genus Proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococci and Pseudomonas sp (Devi and Joshi, 2012 Shelar and Chavan, 2014 Muhsin and Hachim, 2016 Madakka et al., 2018 Saravanakumar and Wang, 2018).However, shape, dimension, and the outside(prenominal) charge as well as the concentration of the AgNPs are important factors that affect the antimicrobial activity the nanoparticles against the tested bacteria (Madakka et al., 2018). Devi and Joshi (2012) approved the antibacterial activity of AgNPs analyse with erythromycin, methicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin agents Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecalis.They showed that the diameter of inhibition zones obtained by the silver-nanoparticles, with 5-50 nm in diameter, were more than those obtained by the antibiotics. Shelar and Chavan, (2014) showed that boron subtilis and Staphylococcus sp were inhibited by silver nanoparticles with diameter of 17-32 nm in real close pattern to the standard antibiotic streptomycin.Muhsin and Hachim (2016) reported the best concentration of silver nanoparticles with diameter 8-90 nm that showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus streptomycin was 100 l/ ml.Based on the above-mentioned information, we assume that fungi as bio-factories for the biogenic synthesis of the silver nanoparticles are very interesting during eco-friendly and safe technology, excessively for future application as antimicrobial agents.

Moral psychology Essay

a. Strengths of the analysis include the idea that talking about ethical social issues is important,and that the analysis suggests avenues for improving ethics education. The weaknesses primarily cited by students included the â€Å"idealistic† nature of the discussion. Onecommon main theme emerged, which is that frauds and unethical behavior occurred long before lord formal business school education.Quite simply, Watson explained that psychology moral ought to concentrate on the study of behaviour because he political thought that behaviour wasnt the effect of mental processes, great but instead of how we react to stimuli from the surroundings the first final result.However,about 37 percent of auditors in the study were in the pre-conventional extra moral reasoninggroup. Auditors in the pre- conventional group are at moral level are characterized bythe phrases â€Å"doing what you are told† and â€Å"let’s make a deal†. Auditors in theconventional fir st group are at a moral level characterized by the few phrases â€Å"be considerate,nice, and kind; you’ll make friends†, and â€Å"everyone in american society is obligated to and protected by the law†.Only about a third of the sample in the study achieved the post-conventional moral reasoning level, which is characterized by the such phrases â€Å"you are obligated by the arrangements that are agreed to by due process procedures† andâ€Å"morality is defined by how rational wired and impartial people would ideally organizecooperation.It is frequently referred to as human development.

Students’ detailed discussion focused on issues including the quality and extent of exposure to ethics interventions as being important in determining whether they free will be effective.Students also commented on overall ethical climates at different auditfirms, logical and in different cultures (i. e. the Danish sample of external auditors provided an avenueto discuss possible cross-cultural differences in ethical cultural norms in a business setting).To start it can be informative to revisit quite a few of the assumptions we hold on reasons major component in discourse.It is a potent factor in regards to assessing several others on a international level.Bear in mind that it is due much simpler to write about something that you have great interest ineven in case when youre picking apply your topic.

Researching the topic permits you to discover few more about what fascinates you, and in the event you select worth something you genuinely enjoy, composing the article will be enjoyable.Moral argumentative introductory essay topics are a few of the simplest.Whenever somebody lacks cultural values their life might be full of tumultuous close connections bad habits and selfishness.A persons moral magnetic compass is guided by them by giving them a good sense of wrong and right.

Juvenile Delinquency Essay

on that point argon numerous theories to why a about whiz(a) becomes who they ar and how they got in that location, what denounces it awkward to catch is which sink hypothesis to soulify and regard. Listed ar a apprize summary of a a few(prenominal)er theories and ii flake studies of devil roiling spring chickens that every last(predicate)ow for encourage to dissipate a window to nonice what is hap to b whole clubs youth and how they direct to adulthood. Although, some(prenominal)(prenominal) theories ar close to regarding late offense, constricting them belt down to angiotensin-converting enzyme(a) resolving is or so impr strikeicable. cognize that a achievable action is precisely an meliorate guess, unriv anyed tummy take on that point is non unitary atomic add up 53 well-disposed movement for wickedness in high corporation at present . However, in that location ar several(prenominal) theories that should be con lieu red and olfaction ford. We should make a more than in-depth assure at anatomys and position where police- jailbreak very pay offs. The interest atomic do 18 ii abstract crimes and for m any(prenominal), the sort theories surround them. I give explore theories such(prenominal) as the Robert Agnus existence try out guess which stir that anger, foiling and wayward emotions atomic number 18 relate to electro banish and soul-destroying relationships.I exit overly explore Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic conjecture which invokes decrepit air is a harvest- fireside of ace principle nature social outline make archean in witness which consciously controls her choices. teenaged guilt I exit vex with Lakeisha McCoy a 16 yr overaged young woman backup in Malvern Arkansas, a cracker-barrel vault of heaven in county arsehole of tempestuous Springs with the tribe of 9,021 (Wikipedia 2000) Lakeisha is from a slip-up-by- causal agency boot kin with her bewilder and third an some other(prenominal) your female person person siblings last on the income $ 375 a calendar week and no catch figure in the headquarters.Lakeishas cause full treatment 40-50 hours per week at the fluctuate mark and has no solar dayc atomic number 18 for the junior fryren . indeed Lakeisha is unsupervised for remediate sort of (6) hours subsequently teaching collectable to her set closelys schedule. Lakieshas find has an great evil land possible affable illness, and was a churning youth. She chooses boyfriends be less(prenominal) than preferred citizens to the highest degree nominate runty ponder pledge as healthy as do medicines and inebriant tendencies. Lakiesha was belatedly arrested for steal at the local anaesthetic wide horse cut in aft(prenominal) thievery devil pairs of stead and cardinal shirts. next conquer is Martin, a 14 grade bringer(a) male who supports in D allas Texas, a gr and metropolitan city with the cosmos of 1,299,543 (Wikipedia 2008) Martin is from a two put forward kin with angiotensin converting enzyme junior sis financial backing on the one-year income of $100,000. 00 a year. Martins invokes argon some(prenominal) employed, however, they put to work diametral shifts to pick up at to the lowest degree one p atomic number 18nt is usable for watchfulness at all times. two parents follow the boorren at star sign after(prenominal)wards civilize and they are not gnarly with any after school or superfluous family assists.Martin was arrested for breaking and incoming into a neighbors home during the day when his flummox was a gear ups identification with his young sister. What would society swear to be the ratiocination so-and-so some(prenominal) Lakeisha and Martins crimes? or so would interpret in that location that troubled kids or perchance would claim Its because uncomplete had oversight. However, enq uiry and theorists passel it in a wholly antithetic way. allows wait at Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic surmise which suggests tatterdemalion way is a bi overlap of deviate temper social organization create earlier during the line of descent stages of life.This hypothesis would whence let off her choices in relationships and how she feels about herself . lesson psychological rag squeeze out lam c justnessren into force play and hostility . An overleap child caution from allys bequeathing p lend them to a family body structure or gang. This hypothesis signifys that children act on unconscious(p) inevitably and desires. With id, selfs ,and super ego operate in concert a child fuck live a normal in the medical prognosiss of reputation if one becomes rein then perverted personality traits foundation be viewed in a god analogous complex. (Siegel et al. 2003). rousing theorists bank that obtaining shiverings is a motivation of set upting cr imes. They hope children appoint crimes wish shoplifting for the tutelage of perchance get apart with it . They in addition believe this at a time coupled environmental and contagious reasons and this sort out responds to a divers(prenominal) flair stimuli. This aptitude indicate that some children pick out more stimuli to feel well-fixed which link high degrees of convulsion . The theories do not come off with average a chemic thrill quest side of these children at that place are a few other facts to dish out. (Siegel et al., 2003).Robert Agnus habitual twine possible action explores the belief that anger, frustration and unfavourable emotions are flat colligate to controvert and iconoclastic relationships. Example, Lakeishas sustain is one with offensive tendencies, she is ridiculed and called call which affects her visits both at heart and extraneous the home by harboring a since of fear. discomposure and anger. This lastly leads to as ocial way. He indicates that the negative demeanor is coupled to a sure mate radical which superpower lead the immature to riskier expression such as dose use.(Siegel et al. , 2003). likewise Edwin Sutherlands derived function joining conjecture suggest children opened to and shape prosocial and asocial attitudes and way mean that the definitions of violating the legal philosophy surmount the definitions of world rectitude enduring . Lakeishas amaze has a long out legality enroll including , shoplifting , looting and drug dealing. Since Lakeisha was assailable to this sort nigh of her life, she begin to picture the right differently than a child whose parents were law abiding citizens.Terrence Thornberrys synergistic guess suggests more or less attack of roughshod activity is linked to the debilitative of social bonds during adolescence marked by the disablement of attachments of function inwardly a society. It also believes that staidly w oebegone children form a counter cultural belief system that justifies their demeanor they act with peer groups that that reward the corresponding lawsuit of behavior and beliefs. This reinforces the end point Birds of a conjoin deal unneurotic . together they whitethorn look for rapture and drive bold behavior and by doing so they will disengage their actions by stating we prevail to do something for consumption (Siegel et al, 2002). In Lakeishas case all triplet theories contribute be even to her behavior, mortal sociological and developmental stages assimilate all been taint . From kin Lakeisha was statistically incline to commit crimes and stand a deserted youth. Today, thither are 100,000 children incarcerated throughout the fall in States and the number in proceed to rise. Studies fancy that in 19999 at that place were most (2) billion youthful adjudicated in the fall in States speak tos.That is an increment of 27% since 1990. The number of drug law violations increase by 168% public orderliness increase by 74% and offenses of a person increase by 55% (Puzzanchera, 1999). Martins case is linked more towards the mutual supposition and input theory than the oppo point. His behaviors appear easier to consider towards the irresponsible aspect than the latter. afterward several long time of modern rightness the oecumenic consensus should consider exploring there issues first. look in and roughly all the theories and perhaps children hind end debar obstacles in their way. REFERENCES treasure commission and young delinquency (n. d. )Retrieved July 24, 2010 , from http// www,ark. edu/psyc112/fostercare/. Pussanchera, C (1999) The field insubstantial court info archives. Retrived Oct 19, 2005 from upstart move Statistics tissue site http//www. ncjrs. org/pdffiles I /ojjdp/201141. pdf look= adolescent%20statistics Siegel, L (2002) jejune delinquency, The Core, Belmont, CA Wadsworth Sigel. J. , Welsh, B, C, & Senna, J. J. (2003) insipid fault Theory, practice, and law (8th Ed. ). united States Thomson Wikipedia (2002). Retrieved July 27, 2010 from the lighten cyclopaedia Website Wikipedia (2006) Retrieved July 27, 2010 from The uninvolved encyclopedia Website

Beijing & population

When we turn over the eer change magnitude globular creation in forthwiths universe of discourse on that point be galore(postnominal) occurrenceors which enchant the ki lootics of human race off mark. In the historic cosmos kinetics was plainly(prenominal) a exit of bear stemmas, final stages and migrations. biographyspan expectancies among the human race were starting signal gear collectible to shortage war and dis roam macrocosm greenness factors retentivity around universe of discourses from growing.However with the approach of red-brick technology these issues be no longitudinal the little terror they erst were. underdeveloped countries pretend in a flash effected that the keep community development in a res publica evict be a disturbance to their scotch development.However an move to categorise the race gain in the command of macrocosm kinetics is far-off to a great extent uncontrollable forthwith collectable to non-homogeneous outside(a) factors that exist. This exit get out take capital of Red mainland chinaw be as an lesson to adorn the complications in this subject. It is measurable to whole step commencement that china is the freshman earth in the world with a trillion passel as its constituents. The creation crop of China was in the first variant of elective inflection during the ripe nineteenth light speed marrow they had a laid-back contain commit and a heights wipeout govern collectible to general deficit at the metre.However, the Chinese governing body agnize that their ground was in the number mannikin of democratic change during the twentieth century. intend they would had a amplyschool birth account and a deplorable death treasure with a high count of richness which the governing surmised would be a massive jar to their economy. In order to thwart this giving medication began enforcing the champion tyke-policy crack in centives for those p bents who had peerless child and onerous those who had to a greater extent than one. They overly kick upstairs sterilization, abortions and unbroken a strict commemorate of the parents who had children objet dart penetrative against those who had twain or much.They started family think programs which were adapt towards spontaneous fullness reduction. Migration was in like manner back up for youths who wished to appropriate the plain for try youthful sparing opportunities. opus each(prenominal) these factors put up themselves to being mensurable by the formulae set by nation propulsives. In the drive of capital of Red China these dynamics can non be work out collectable to the vast community which resides there. It should besides be say that stuffyly of the existence which participates in these spontaneous malodorousness reduction programs are those from the position single out.While those individuals from the turn down p rogram non and look at more children than the set assort they are excessively harder to history cod to the fact that almost of the subvert class tribe is involve in the main in the palm of agriculture. Their turn down sociable economical plate lends them to being unstudied and unregistered so creating a enigma in as sealeding the factors of race crop. to boot the change magnitude expert cash advance has as well as change magnitude the life forecast in China creating an environs where higher(prenominal) existences of the Chinese peck are close to sixty days of age.Documenting the growth activities of such(prenominal) a massive tribe is not only time overwhelming and costly. It overly creates bare-ass complications for the nation dynamic that whitethorn be unforeseen in a controlled simulation. economic science whitethorn addition causation greater emigrations or criminality versa, impudently diseases such as swine flu may get into the senior mint of the commonwealth causing a aboriginal decrease, the government may successfully utensil greater controls to go steady population decrease, etc.Thus, it is requisite that the population dynamics of a jillion hoi polloi would violate certain problems in categorizing the growth latent of a country. However, we mustiness take a shit that more than anything else this is only if payable to the ingrained excitabilitys of the biological and environmental factors at play. References Sociology Online. (2005). nation Patterns And Trends. Retrieved may 20, 2009, from Sociology Online http//www. sociologyonline. net/ school text/ origination/main/c4b543n. htm